A summary on antennas loaded with magnetic materials

The ability to shrink the physical dimensions of an antenna without reducing antenna performance significantly has been of great interest among many miniaturized antenna design engineers. Over the decades, numerous antenna miniaturization technologies have been proposed, from antenna structural optimization, to lumped elements loading, and then to the use of high permittivity/permeability materials. In this article, we provide a review of various miniaturized antenna design techniques with an emphasis on magnetic materials loading. In particular, we will pay special attention to the following types of magnetic material loaded antennas: ferrite or yttrium garnet (YIG) loaded magnetic dipoles , ferrite or neodymium iron boron loaded solenoids . Finally, we propose an optimization scheme for ferromagnetic enhanced electric small antenna (ESA) loaded with YIG.