E-Shaped Inspired 2.4 GHz Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna

This paper presents a miniature narrowband compact microstrip patch antenna (CMPA) with a narrow impedance bandwidth of 7.9% and a compact design measuring <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$27\times 27\times 1.6\text{mm}^{3}$</tex>. The antenna demonstrates excellent impedance matching, with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$S_{11}\leq-10\text{dB}$</tex> across its operating frequency range of 2.313-2.497 GHz (184 MHz). It offers an omni-directional radiation pattern in the H-plane and a bidirectional pattern in the E-plane. The compact design is achieved through the use of a defective ground structure (DGS). With its small size, reasonable gain, and omni-directional radiation, this antenna is ideal for applications in consumer electronics such as cordless phones and gaming consoles, Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) devices, and wearable technology utilizing the 2.4 GHz frequency band for wireless communication.