Near-Field Integrated Sensing and Communications: Unlocking Potentials and Shaping the Future

The advent of sixth generation (6G) communication networks introduces integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technologies, which are transforming base stations (BSs) and terminals. A key enabler of this evolution is the Extremely Large-Scale Antenna Array (ELAA), which plays a central role in the 6G ecosystem. ELAAs ability to cover vast near-field regions gives rise to unique spherical wave characteristics, enhancing both communication and sensing capabilities. This paper systematically explores the immense potential of near-field ISAC technology, starting with the foundational principles of near-field propagation and its benefits for both communication and sensing. We then investigate the technological frameworks supporting near-field ISAC, highlighting recent advances. Through comprehensive case simulations, we demonstrate the significant advantages of near-field ISAC, positioning it as a transformative paradigm in the 6G era. Finally, we address the open challenges and propose future research directions for near-field ISAC.