Optimized allocation of energy supply systems for near-zero energy buildings in Northwest China

To accelerate the promotion and application of near-zero energy buildings in Northwest China, this study takes a practical near-zero energy building in Lanzhou as its research subject. Building upon the existing building energy supply system, improvements have been made to the structure and operational strategy of the system through optimization using a multi-attribute comprehensive evaluation model. The original energy supply system has been refined, and a comparative analysis has been conducted to assess the energy, economic, and environmental benefits of the system before and after the optimization.