Thermophoretic convection with catalytic chemical reaction in source region heat sink in plume: Exploring climate change dynamics in double stratified atmosphere

This study investigates the impacts of thermophoretic particles produced during the combustion of fossil fuels in the presence of catalytic chemical reactions in the source region and heat sink in the plume region on a bi-stratified atmosphere, with a focus on climate change. The regions are interconnected through transboundary temperature differences. The thermophoresis particles travel to the atmospheric region through a plume-shaped region where a heat sink is introduced to mitigate heat transfer impacts on the bi-stratified atmosphere. The non-dimensional mathematical models for the source, plume, and atmospheric regions are formulated in rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical coordinate systems, respectively. These models are transformed into algebraic equations using a finite difference approach and a primitive variable formulation. Numerical solutions are obtained using a quantitative differentiation method for the appropriately selected values of dimensionless parameters. The results, presented as graphs, tables, and contours, illustrate the effects on velocity, temperature, thermophoretic concentration, and the rate of thermophoretic heat transfer. The findings reveal that thermal stratification reduces fluid temperature, while thermophoretic stratification decreases thermophoretic concentration in the atmosphere. The primary objective of the study is to introduce a heat sink in the plume region to minimize heat transfer rates.