Smart parks in the post-COVID era: Integrating technology for urban resilience and sustainability in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased global attention on parks as essential outdoor spaces. This paper explores integrating smart technologies into park design and management in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, to meet post-pandemic needs and promote urban sustainability and public health. Case studies from South Korea—Sejong Lake Park and Busan Eco-Delta City—demonstrate the benefits of smart technologies, including smart lighting, real-time data, and renewable energy systems. These examples show how technology can improve park functionality, maintenance, and community engagement. Under Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia can adopt similar strategies through pilot projects focusing on user-centered design, efficient water and energy management, and real-time data to enhance the user experience. The study emphasizes the role of landscape professionals in ensuring technology enhances the natural and social value of urban green spaces. Policy recommendations for Vision 2030 are provided, suggesting smart parks as models for future urban developments.