Experimental investigation of a 10 kW photovoltaic power system and lithium battery energy storage system for off-grid electro-hydrogen coupling

The burgeoning adoption of photovoltaic and wind energy has limitations of volatility and intermittency, which hinder their application. Electro-hydrogen coupling energy storage systems emerge as a promising solution to address this issue. This technology combines renewable energy power generation with hydrogen production through water electrolysis and hydrogen fuel cell power generation, effectively enabling the consumption and peak load management of renewable energy sources. This paper presents a power system with a 10 kW photovoltaic system and lithium battery energy storage system designed for hydrogen-electric coupled energy storage, validated through the physical experiments. The results demonstrate the system's effectiveness in mitigating the impact of randomness and volatility in photovoltaic power generation. Moreover, the energy management system can adjust bus power based on load demand. Testing the system in the absence of photovoltaic power generation reveals its capability to supply energy to the load for three hours, with a minimum operating load power of 3 kW, even under weather conditions unsuitable for photovoltaic power generation. These findings showed the potential of electro-hydrogen coupling energy storage systems in addressing the challenges associated with renewable energy integration, paving the way for a reliable and sustainable energy supply.