Associated factors of hyperuricemia in patients with CKD stages 3–5 and its relation with hemoglobin: A cross-sectional study from Syria

<h2>SUMMARY</h2><h3>Background</h3> Hyperuricemia and anemia are associated with several comorbidities in Chronic-Kidney-Disease (CKD) patients. This study aims to determine the factors related to uric acid (UA) and the relationship between UA and hemoglobin (Hb) in a sample of CKD stages 3–5. <h3>Methods</h3> This cross-sectional study included 198 patients. Hyperuricemia was defined as a UA level of >7 mg\dL in males and >6 mg/dL in females, while was anemia defined as Hb< 11.5 g/dL. Data were compared between two UA groups [the normal UA group (UA1) and the hyperuricemic group (UA2)]. We used linear regression to determine the relationship between UA and variables. <h3>Results</h3> Hyperuricemia was reported in 55.5% of patients, where males and older patients demonstrated higher UA levels. UA2 group demonstrated higher levels of WBCs, Neutrophils percentage (NP), and phosphorus (phos) (<i>P</i> = 0.005, 0.03, and 0.002; respectively), while lymphocytes percentage (LP) showed a lower level (<i>P</i> = 0.04). Also, urea (Ur), creatinine (Cr), and lipid profiles showed non-significant higher levels in UA2 group. In regression analysis, UA showed positive relations with WBCs (<i>P</i> = 0.003), NP (<i>P</i> = 0.002), Ur (<i>P</i> = 0.01), Phos (<i>P</i> <0.0001), TG (<i>P</i> = 0.01), and Chol (<i>P</i> = 0.02). UA showed negative relations with HDL (<i>P</i>= 0.002), and LP (<i>P</i> = 0.002). There was no correlation between UA and Hb even after subgroup analysis based on GFR and cut-off values of UA. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study supported the inflammatory background associated with hyperuricemia. UA correlated with lipids profile in CKD-patients stages 3–5. There was no relation between UA and Hb in CKD patients in addition to previous conflicting data, future studies were required to establish this relationship.