Use of an Indwelling Pleural Catheter in a Malignant Effusion With Concurrent <scp><i>Mycobacterium avium</i></scp> Infection and Advanced <scp>HIV</scp>

A 63-year-old male was diagnosed with a combination of three concurrent diseases: stage 4 lung adenocarcinoma, ipsilateral mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pleural effusion, and advanced HIV. He has been successfully treated for each diagnosis. At 2 years from presentation he continues on immunotherapy, with his pleural culture clear of MAC, and he has an undetectable HIV viral load. An indwelling pleural catheter was inserted for management of the recurrent malignant pleural effusion. We describe our management approach to a combined malignant and MAC related effusion in a patient with co-existing advanced HIV.