Comparative analysis of structural performance and cost efficiency of reinforced concrete and steel for a three-story warehouse in high-risk seismic zones

Abstract. This study compares the structural performance and cost efficiency of reinforced concrete and steel for a three-story warehouse in Tangerang, Indonesia, a high seismic risk zone. Using ETABS, the structures were modeled and analyzed according to SNI and AISC standards. The concrete structure exhibited higher base shear forces due to its greater weight, increasing seismic demands, while the steel structure, though demonstrating higher displacements, remained within allowable limits due to its ductility. The maximum displacements in the steel structure were 0.148 m in the X direction and 0.084 m in the Y direction, compared to 0.048 m and 0.047 m for the concrete structure. A detailed cost comparison showed that while the initial material costs for the steel structure were higher, the reduced weight decreased the required foundation size, potentially lowering overall construction costs. This makes steel a competitive alternative for regions with high seismic activity, where flexibility and energy dissipation are critical. The study concludes that for high-risk seismic zones, the steel structure offers better performance, though the concrete structure remains more cost-efficient in areas with moderate seismic risks.