Modeling and simulation of droplet spreading on different wettability substrates

The flow behavior of droplet on substrates is widespread in industry and nature, and it is a complex process of multi-field coupling, involving two-phase flow and droplet–substrate interaction. In this manuscript, we focus on the fluid interfacial behavior at the junction of gas–liquid–solid phases and propose a robust and stable implementation algorithm to capture physical phenomena such as the spreading of droplet on substrates with different wettability, using the gas–liquid surface tension and the equilibrium contact angle as input parameters. We apply the algorithm under flat and curved substrates with different wettability, and the simulation results are in good agreement with the theoretical values, which verifies the accuracy, convergence, and applicability of the proposed droplet spreading model on different wettability substrates.