AI-Based Framework for Government Oversight of Personal Data Consent Compliance: A Case Study of Nairobi County

In the rapidly advancing digital landscape, safeguarding individual privacy and enforcing compliance with personal data regulations have become increasingly critical. This study focuses on the challenge of inadequate government oversight in monitoring real-time compliance with personal data consent, using Nairobi County as a case study. The research introduces an AI-based framework designed to automate the detection of potential privacy breaches, verify adherence to consent agreements, and strengthen regulatory enforcement processes. Grounded in regulatory compliance theory, the study aims to enhance the capacity of oversight bodies by leveraging AI technology to analyze large volumes of data, and improving both the speed and accuracy of compliance monitoring. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. Key stakeholders from organizations such as Safaricom PLC, the Kenya Revenue Authority, Equity Bank Kenya, the Ministry of Information, Communications, and Technology (ICT), and the United Nations Office at Nairobi (UNON) participated in the study. Data was gathered through semi-structured questionnaires, targeting government regulators and private sector entities responsible for managing personal data. Using purposive sampling, 195 respondents were selected, ensuring a robust and representative dataset. Data analysis incorporated both thematic analysis for qualitative responses and statistical methods for quantitative data. The results indicate that the AI-based framework significantly enhances the detection and prevention of data privacy violations, streamlines compliance processes, and reduces the reliance on manual oversight. Improved governance structures and increased user awareness were found to be key factors in fostering better compliance. Despite these advancements, challenges such as regulatory adaptation and resource limitations were identified. The study concludes that AI has the potential to revolutionize government oversight by increasing transparency, accountability, and efficiency. It recommends that regulatory bodies, particularly the Ministry of ICT, adopt AI-driven solutions, and encourage public-private collaboration to ensure comprehensive and effective data governance.