POLYMORPHISM OF THE DRD2 GENE AND ITS POTENTIAL INFLUENCE ON PANSS SCORES IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA: A STUDY CONDUCTED IN SOUTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA

Abstract Background In humans, the gene DRD2 can be found on chromosomes 11q22-23 and is made up of 8 exons, which is approximately 270 kilobases. This gene encodes the D2 subtype of the AD receptor, which combines with the Gi subtype of the GPCR to inhibit the activity of adenylyl cyclase. Changes in DRD2 expression can cause polymorphism, with one allele at the point rs6277 acting as a risk factor for schizophrenia. Various instruments and questionnaires have been developed to examine different types of schizophrenia based on symptom differences, with PANSS being a superior method due to its more thorough assessments and better standardization of scores. Objective This study aim to determine relationship between polymorphism and PANSS scores in schizophrenia patients. Method A case-control study was conducted at Ernaldi Bahar Hospital Palembang over a span of 4 months, from December 2020 to March 2021. The study included 80 samples that met the inclusion criteria, with 20 patients classified as cases and 60 as controls. The data was analyzed using computerized data processing applications, and a simple random sampling method was used for the study. Results The results indicated that respondents with the DRD2 C957T gene polymorphism carrying the T allele exhibited more severe symptoms by 42,1%, compared to those with mild symptoms by 38,1%. Conversely, respondents who had the C allele exhibited an inverse relationship. However, statistically, there was no significant correlation between the DRD2 gene polymorphism and the PANSS score, with an OR value of 1,182 and a p value of 0,891. Discussion & Conclusion The study found no meaningful correlation between the DRD2 gene polymorphism and PANSS scores in patients with schizophrenia. References American Psychiatric Association. 2013. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-5, Fifth Edition. Washington: American Psychiatric Publishing. P. 87-122. Boland RJB, Verduin ML, Ruiz P. 2021. Kaplan &Sadock’ s Synopsis of Psychiatry, 12th Edition. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. He M, Yan H, Duan ZX, Qu W, Gong HY, Fan ZL, Kang JY, Li BC, Wang JM. 2013. Genetic Distribution and Association Analysis of DRD2 Gene Polymorphisms with Major Depressive Disorder in the Chinese Han Population. Int J Clin Exp Pathol; 6(6): 1142-9. Karrow A, Moritz S, Lambert M, Schoder S, Krausz M. 2005. PANSS Symptoms and Quality of Live in Schizophrenia. Psychopathology; 38: 320-326. Lauschke VM, Milani L, Ingelman-Sundberg M. 2017. Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers for Improved Drug Therapy-Recent Progress and Future Developments. AAPS J; 20(1): 4. Persson J, Stenfors C. 2018. Superior Cognitive Goal Maintenance in Carriers of Genetic Markers Linked to Reduced Striatal D2 Receptor Density (C957T and DRD2/ANKK1-TaqIA). PLOS ONE. 13 (8): e0201837. Schatzberg AF, Nemeroff CB. 2017. Textbook of Psychopharmacology. Fifth Edition. Splittgerber R. 2019. Snell’ s Clinical Neuroanatomy. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. Whalen K, Field C, Radhakrishnan R. 2019. Lippincott Illustrated Reviews Pharmacology: Antipsychotic Drugs. 7th ed. Philadephia: Wolters Kluwer. p. 421-40. Ye J, Ji F, Jiang D, Lin X, Chen G, Zhang W, Shan P, Zhang L, Zhuo C. 2019. Polymorphisms in Dopaminergic Genes in Schizophrenia and Their Implications in Motor Deficits and Antipsychotic Treatment. Frontiers in Neuroscience; 13(355): 1-9.