Pre-service Teachers' Perspectives on the Causes and Solutions to the "Understand but Fail" Phenomenon in Mathematics

"Understand immediately when hearing, but fail immediately when doing" is a prominent problem for middle school students in the process of learning mathematics at present. The causes of this phenomenon and how to effectively solve it have received extensive attention from all aspects of society, such as teachers, parents, and students themselves. This study took 31 master's students in education and undergraduates majoring in mathematics from Shandong Normal University as the survey objects, and used the interview method to investigate their views on the causes of this phenomenon and how to solve this problem. Data analysis reveals that in terms of causes, 64.52% of the respondents believed that the cause of this phenomenon was "students did not have a profound understanding", and only the number of holders of this view among all the causes exceeded half; in terms of solutions, 77.42% of the people believed that "students should practice more", and this view was also the only one with more than half of the respondents. It can be concluded that most pre-service teachers believe that the causes and solutions of the phenomenon mainly lie with the students. At the same time, it can also be seen that most pre-service teachers lack the awareness of teaching reflection. It is suggested to strengthen and improve the reflection awareness and ability of pre-service mathematics teachers on their own teaching methods through methods such as curriculum infiltration and adjustment of training goals. Secondly, pre-service mathematics teachers should realize that some of their teaching methods are wrong and ineffective for students. Finally, pre-service mathematics teachers should constantly learn teaching methods and practice according to the different characteristics of students.