Serial sensitive molecular detection of <i>JAK2</i> V617F is predictive of relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with myelofibrosis

Relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) represents a frequent complication in patients with myelofibrosis (MF). This retrospective study analysed 38 patients with JAK2-mutated MF who underwent alloSCT. Serial sensitive molecular assessments at regular intervals of JAK2 V617F revealed that a ≥2-fold increase in JAK2 variant allele frequency (VAF) at days +100 and +180 post-alloSCT was highly predictive of eventual morphological relapse. The integration of JAK2 VAF monitoring with chimerism analysis into post-alloSCT care represents a novel strategy for early detection of MF relapse, which may enable timely interventions and improve outcomes in such high-risk patients.