Breeding and training horses for military purposes in the interwar period and their use in the tasks of the home army

Purpose of the study: This study presents the role of Polish cavalry from the perspective of activities that preceded the direct use of horses in combat. The author aims to illustrate the entire process, from horse breeding and recruitment for the army to the training of horses and riders, which ensured the highest level of military and sports proficiency. Methodology: The study employs an analysis of historical literature, including documents that describe the methods of horse selection and training and the organization of Polish cavalry. The author’s approach encompasses examining the evolution in horse breeding and training practices resulting from the changing tasks assigned to mounted formations. Main findings: The author demonstrates that Polish cavalry reached a high level of training, which enabled it to gain worldwide recognition and establish a unique Polish school of horseback riding. In the period preceding World War II, there was a shift in Polish military doctrine regarding the role of cavalry in combat, yet during the September Campaign, Polish cavalry proved effective and showed dedication to defending the homeland. Application of the study: This study may contribute to a better understanding of the importance of cavalry preparation and training, potentially inspiring contemporary military units in training and specialization practices. Originality/Novelty of the study: The study is unique in its approach, highlighting the role of horses in warfare comprehensively—from breeding to specialized military skills. By analyzing Polish cavalry as a structure rooted in solid training foundations, the author provides new insights into its achievements and contributions to the development of Polish military doctrine.