Ionospheric Plasma Parameters Measured by SPIDER‐2 Sounding Rocket During a Pulsating Aurora Event

Abstract The Small Payloads for Investigation of Disturbances in Electrojet by Rockets 2 (SPIDER‐2) sounding rocket was launched from Esrange, Sweden, on the 19th of February 2020 at 23:14 UT. It traversed a pulsating aurora event, deploying eight free falling units which provided in situ multi‐point measurements of the electric field, magnetic field and plasma parameters. In this article, the measured plasma parameters have been analyzed and compared with each other and with optical measurements obtained by ground based instrumentation. Peaks in electron density, thermal ion flux and optical emission have been found in the E region. Electron density profiles have been derived from the data collected by the Langmuir probes in two free falling units, the electron probes in the main rocket and the wave propagation experiment. A generally good agreement has been found among the different measurements in the up‐leg of the trajectory, while the effect of the rocket wake was evident in the down‐leg. The observed electron density profile has been found to agree with an incoming flux of high energetic electrons with energies around 20 keV. Auroral pulsations with a periodicity of 1–2 s have been recorded by an onboard photometer, a ground‐based high speed camera, and the in situ thermal ion flux. The percentages of variation between the ON and OFF phases of the pulsations have been quantified for these quantities. The brightness measured by the photometer varies up to 68%, while the thermal ion flux measurements show only a 2.5% variation.