Investigating Tumour Growth Suppression, Haematological Parameters, and Histopathological Changes of SD Formulation

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with over 1.8 million new cases annually. Poor prognosis arises from late-stage diagnosis and high metastatic potential. Combination therapy offers a promising approach to overcome multidrug resistance and minimize side effects. This study explores a novel anticancer formulation combining doxorubicin (DOX) and siRNA encapsulated in sphingosomes, evaluated for efficacy against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC).   Methodology DOX and siRNA-loaded sphingosomes were formulated using the thin-film hydration method. In vivo efficacy was tested in Swiss albino mice injected with EAC cells. Treatment groups included control, DOX, siRNA-sphingosomes, and the combination. Tumor growth and hematological parameters were monitored.   Results The results indicated that the combination of DOX and siRNA delivered via sphingosomes significantly reduced tumor growth compared to control groups. Hematological analysis revealed a marked decrease in white blood cell counts in treated groups, suggesting effective suppression of tumor-induced inflammation. Notably, the formulation demonstrated improved therapeutic outcomes with minimal adverse effects on red blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels, indicating a favorable safety profile.   Conclusion The study establishes that the novel anticancer formulation combining DOX and siRNA encapsulated in sphingosomes offers enhanced therapeutic efficacy against lung cancer while minimizing side effects associated with conventional treatments. This dual approach not only addresses drug resistance but also provides insights into optimizing delivery systems for improved clinical outcomes in lung cancer therapy.