V2G Contribution to Reducing Renewable Energy Curtailment and to Improving Duck Curve

Massively introduced renewable energy to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 causes many problems in the power systems. Among the problems, surplus generation in the daytime by photovoltaic generation and steep ramps in the evening in the duck curve are tackled in this paper. As electric vehicle is becoming popular all over the world, vehicle-to-grid is utilized with the real car owners’ profiles to reduce the renewable energy curtailment and to improve the duck curve in this paper. Two approaches are proposed and simulated. One is maximizing the daily net load factor with constraints of photovoltaic curtailment and the other formulates weighted two objective functions composed with maximizing the daily net load factor and minimizing the renewable energy curtailment. The simulation results show that the latter approach is more effective in reducing the renewable energy curtailment than the former one.