Effects of Temperature Variation on the Capacity of Gas Networks to Receive Injections of Green Hydrogen

The literature on the isothermal model gas flow is extensive, but the effect of temperature variation on the hydraulic characteristics has been rarely addressed. Additionally, the impact of hydrogen blending on the thermal condition of NG pipelines is also an emergent topic that requires new approaches to the gas flow problem formulation and resolution. In this paper, a model for the gas flow problem was developed to optimise the operation of natural gas distribution networks with hydrogen injection while maintaining pressure, gas flows, and gas quality indexes within admissible limits. The goal is to maximise the injection of hydrogen and investigate the influences of thermal variations in the gas blending. Also, this model enables the calculation of the maximum permitted volume of hydrogen in the network, quantifying the total savings in natural gas usage and carbon dioxide emissions in different temperature conditions.