Optimal OAM Transmission Techniques Using Vogel Spiral-enhanced Laguerre-Gaussian Beams in Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence

Orbital angular momentum is an intrinsic feature of all electromagnetic beams, which transmit data bits up to a THz speed with high capacity. As OAM topological charges or modes are independent, the potential of enhancing the data transmission system can easily be demonstrated. However, when the structured beam using the OAM feature passes a highly turbulent channel, the data encoded in the beam are susceptible to distortion and decoding errors. In this paper, we investigate Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam behaviors with OAM characteristics and reconstruction of intensity and phase in non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence and also Gaussian random screen-induced turbulence environments. Specifically, we employ an adaptive U-Network and Vogel’s spiral padding, which is controllable by a topological charge added to the golden ratio. The proposed OAM transmission shows a peak signal-to-noise reconstruction ratio of 32.5 dB in mobile environments.