Cell Temperature Estimation In Lithium Ion Cell for Electric Two-Wheeler Application In Indian Conditions

Green mobility is the thrust around the world to make transportation environmentally sustainable. Electric vehicles (EVs) are emerging as the front-runner in green technology-based transportation systems. Lithium-based battery technologies are backing the emergence of electric vehicles. High energy density and longer cycle life are the prominent characteristics of Li-ion cells, making them wellsuited for EV applications. However, the optimum performance of the battery pack is highly subjected to the operating temperature. India is emerging as a hub of electric vehicles, especially for electric two-wheelers and e-rickshaws. The temperature in the summer of India reaches up to $50{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ or even more in some cases, which is beyond the optimum operating range of Li-ion cells. It becomes necessary to estimate the cell temperature so that safe operation can be ensured. This paper aims to assess the temperature rise of the 18650 Li -ion cell under the real-world drive cycle specifically developed for electric scooter applications for the city of Lucknow, India. The thermal model based on Joule’s heating is simulated using Matlab Simulink. A comparison of simulated cell temperature rise is done for real-world drive cycle and standard drive cycles such as the IDC and WLTC. The comparison of results indicates the need to incorporate the real driving behavior during the thermal modeling of the cell as the standard drive cycles underestimate the temperature rise by many folds.