Real-Time Co-Simulation Platform for Grid-Forming BSS Using RTDS and FPGA

This paper presents a detailed co-simulation platform for the real-time controller validation of grid-forming battery energy storage systems (GFM BSS). To ensure proper synchronization, corrective voltage magnitude and phase angle adjustments are introduced. An RTDS-FPGA co-simulation platform has been developed to bridge the gap between simulation and hardware validation of real-time simulated networks. The simulations are performed under various loading conditions, with the impact on battery parameters closely observed. A model is developed using the Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS), and experimental validation is conducted on a hardware test setup in the laboratory. Integrating a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) controller with the RTDS enables Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing. The real-time simulated model interacts with physical hardware in a closed-loop manner, and the FPGA allows for quick iterations of control algorithms without modifying physical components. Utilizing advanced simulation tools, hardware testing, and the innovative RTDS-FPGA HIL setup adds a layer of novelty to this research, enhancing the understanding of control strategies’ performance and their practical implications in realworld scenarios.