Bidirectional Battery Charger for EV Applications

This paper focuses on proposing a topology that facilitates two-way energy transfer between electric vehicles (EVs) and the power grid, utilizing Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology. The challenge of managing peak power demand is a significant issue for India’s energy infrastructure, and V2G-capable electric vehicles can provide a solution. These vehicles can draw power from the grid during periods of low demand and return energy to the grid during peak demand, thereby alleviating strain on the power system. Bidirectional converters are crucial for enabling energy transfer in both directions: from the grid to the vehicle and vice versa. In Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) mode, the grid delivers power to charge the EV battery, while in Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) mode, the battery discharges energy back to the grid. This research introduces an innovative topology that combines a single-phase DC-DC converter and a bidirectional AC-DC converter to facilitate energy exchange between the grid and the EV. The input power (AC) from the grid is first converted into DC by the bidirectional AC-DC converter, and then a bidirectional DC-DC buck-boost converter which regulates the charging and discharging operations of batteries. The performance and functionality of the proposed system are verified through MATLAB/Simulink simulations.