Flexible operation model of a tidal range scheme with pumping turbines

Tidal range energy is a renewable energy source that harvests the gravitational potential energy of seawater derived from tide level variation. Tidal energy generation is highly predictable and can be used as a reliable energy source. The generation capability of a tidal range scheme could be increased by utilising reversible turbines with pumping functions that increase the water level difference. Furthermore, adopting an adjustable number of active turbines during generating and pumping can help the tidal range scheme better regulating its electricity generation. Therefore, this paper proposed an optimal operation model of a tidal range scheme with reversible turbines, in which the tidal range scheme could work with a flexible generation plan to maximise its total energy generation or daily revenue. A case study is conducted to demonstrate how the operation profiles, generation and revenue vary when the tidal range scheme incorporates the pumping turbines and adopts a flexible operation plan.