Optimal Planning of Large-Scale Wind-Storage Power Plant Considering AC Power Flow Based on Stackelberg Game Theory

The imperative for decarbonization of power systems has accelerated the development of renewable energy sources. The inherent variability of these new energy sources necessitates the integration of energy storage, leading to an increase in the number of large-scale wind-storage power plants(WSPP) connected to the transmission network(TN). To enhance the profitability of these wind-storage facilities, this paper establishes a Stackelberg game model to study the optimal capacity planning of large-scale WSPP. Unlike previous models that utilized direct current optimal power flow(OPF), this study considers the alternating current(AC) OPF within the TN when making WSPP construction decisions. Additionally, a dictionary-assisted Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) algorithm is proposed to solve the presented model. The paper discusses the necessity and challenges of including AC OPF and validates the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm through case studies.