Non-Convex AC/DC Static Transmission Expansion Planning Considering Energy Storage Systems and Uncertainty

The integration of non-dispatchable renewable energy sources increases demands for the inclusion of modern technologies, such as High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) links and Energy Storage Systems (ESS), in the network expansion planning. Also, the current and future power network complexity demands more accurate models to provide more realistic solutions for the transmission expansion planning problem. However, there are no approaches that allow the selection of the proper technology in a unified and accurate TNEP formulation. This article proposes a non-convex formulation to solve the problem, using AC/DC transmission links and ESS. The Iterated Greedy (IG) algorithm is employed as an optimization technique to find good quality solutions. Since uncertainty in load and generation scenarios significantly impacts the Transmission Network Expansion Planning (TNEP), the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) technique is used to deal with their stochastic behavior. The advantages of the proposed approach are illustrated using a modified 6-bus Garver test system.