Enhancing Photovoltaic Performance Through Defect Reduction and Thickness Optimization in PCBM/FAMASnGeI₃/CuI Solar Cells

In this study, the optimization of PCBM/FAMASnGeI<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf>/CuI perovskite solar cells achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 27.8%. This achievement is due to the low cost and affordability of clean energy. The photovoltaic cell performance is enhanced by carefully reducing the influence of bulk defect density (BDDs) and thickness. The optimized device shows a good V<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</inf> is equal to 1.22 V, J<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SC</inf> of 26.18 mA/cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>, and a FF of 86.73%, which reflects the reduction in electric current coupling and improves the accuracy of the carrier. The research connects business, creativity, and architecture by combining knowledge creation with technology to expand today’s resources. These efforts are driving innovation to increase the efficiency of renewable energy and create sustainable energy solutions through interface design and materials selection. Future research on the role and development of materials will focus on improving the stability and performance of perovskite solar cells. Key areas include creating durable and long-lasting materials; as perovskite solar technology advances, this research will support global efforts to achieve sustainable energy solutions and help achieve broader goals such as sustainable development and climate change.