Evaluating Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Wind Energy for Enhanced Synthetic Inertia Provision in Power Systems

As renewable energy continues to grow globally, system inertia, essential for resisting frequency changes and ensuring power system stability during power imbalance events, is decreasing due to the shutdown of spinning generators and the widespread use of power electronic devices. Variable Speed Wind Turbines (VSWTs) can provide Synthetic Inertia (SI) to help restore system frequency during under-frequency events. However, the variability of wind resources introduces significant errors in predicting SI capacity with existing wind speed forecasting methods, which often neglect the temporal and spatial characteristics of wind energy. This paper investigates the impact of time sampling resolution and Wind Turbine (WT) distribution within a Wind Farm (WF) on the availability of inertia provision. A novel probabilistic approach for SI capability assessment is proposed, incorporating the study of temporal and spatial characteristics of wind energy to ensure conservative SI provision. Case studies demonstrate that this framework significantly reduces the unavailability of SI provision, highlighting its effectiveness in enhancing power system stability.