Nonlinear Analysis of Low-Rise Steel Building: a Comparative Study of Nonlinear Static Analysis and Nonlinear Time History Analysis

This paper presents a comprehensive comparative study of nonlinear static pushover analysis and nonlinear dynamic time history analysis for seismic evaluation of low-rise steel buildings in earthquake-prone Indonesia. The study focuses on two representative buildings: a 3-story and a 5-story structure, each with a uniform 4-meter story height and 6-meter span. Gravity loads were determined following Indonesian standard SNI 1727:2020, whereas earthquake loads were represented using a Jakarta-specific response spectrum. The pushover analysis predicted Immediate Occupancy (IO) in the X direction and Life Safety (LS) in the Y direction for both buildings. Time-history analysis confirmed the LS performance in both directions, surpassing the targeted performance levels. Notably, the time history analysis captures more significant hinge deformations, highlighting its precision in assessing seismic behaviour. Combining the results of both the methods enhances the seismic evaluation process and contributes to improved design practices for low-rise steel buildings in seismic regions. It is essential to consider the limitations inherent to each method when interpreting results. Future research endeavours should explore advanced techniques and building typologies to further refine seismic design practices.