Compaction function analysis of CMB <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:math> distortion constraints on primordial black holes

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are considered viable candidates for dark matter and the seeds of supermassive black holes (SMBHs), with their fruitful physical influences providing significant insights into the conditions of the early Universe. Cosmic microwave background (CMB) $\ensuremath{\mu}$ distortion tightly constrains the abundance of PBHs in the mass range of ${10}^{4}--{10}^{11}{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ recently, limiting their potential to serve as seeds for the SMBHs observed. Given that $\ensuremath{\mu}$ distortion directly constrains the primordial power spectrum, it is crucial to employ more precise methods in computing PBH abundance to strengthen the reliability of these constraints. By a Press-Schechter (PS) type method utilizing the compaction function, we find that the abundance of PBHs could be higher than previously estimated constraints from $\ensuremath{\mu}$ distortion observations. Furthermore, our analysis shows that variations in the shape of the power spectrum have a negligible impact on our conclusions within the mass ranges under consideration. This conclusion provides us a perspective for further research on the constraints of PBH by $\ensuremath{\mu}$ distortion.