An Examination of State's Failure in the Performance of Security Responsibility in the North-West Geopolitical Zone

This research examined the historical and sociopolitical contexts that supported banditry in North West Nigeria. The study's main goals are to (a) emphasize the state's failures to provide security and fulfil its responsibilities to inhabitants, (b) examine government-socioeconomic links, and (c) suggest solutions. This study employed qualitative research and reviewed the collection of documentary data. Textual research using numerous sources and statistics revealed the development of banditry in the studied area, as well as the Nigerian state's security failure. The study found that banditry has increased in Nigeria, particularly in the northwest, causing economic upheaval and death. Many see these attacks as the rise of non-state entities eroding state control over violence. Banditry in the region has far-reaching consequences beyond security. Banditry in North West Nigeria is a major issue that highlights the state's security failures. Unpacking the sociohistorical reasons that caused this crisis shows that banditry must be understood in the context of government, socio-economic issues, and community dynamics. The Nigerian state must address banditry in the North West through security, socio-economic development, law enforcement, and community participation. Although the state has addressed these widespread issues, major challenges persist. To reverse insecurity, the Nigerian government must undertake comprehensive initiatives that address banditry's root causes. By encouraging community participation, investing in socio-economic initiatives, and strengthening anti-corruption law enforcement, Nigeria can make the North West and the nation safer. Banditry prevention must address economic inequity, state capability, and community cohesion.