Therapeutic potential of Artemisia annua and artemisinin in viral infections, cancer and global health advancements

Artemisinin, originally derived from Artemisia annua as an antimalarial agent, has demonstrated broad therapeutic potential in recent years. This review aims to synthesize current research on artemisinin’s efficacy beyond malaria, with a focus on its antiviral, anticancer and immunomodulatory applications. Methodologically, the review integrates findings from peer-reviewed studies, clinical trials and bioengineering innovations to offer a comprehensive perspective on artemisinin’s mechanisms of action, therapeutic applications and advancements in production. Key findings highlight artemisinin’s effectiveness in cancer and viral infections (including COVID-19), with recent bioengineering innovations enhancing its production through genetic modifications in A. annua, transgenic plants and yeast. These advancements improve accessibility and underscore the need for further clinical research to establish artemisinin’s role as a broad-spectrum therapeutic.