LEVEL OF CYNICISM AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSE MECHANISMS: CORRELATION AND ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES

This article explores the relationship between an individual’s level of cynicism and the use of defense mechanisms in the context of social adaptation. Cynicism is considered as a multifaceted phenomenon that combines a critical attitude toward social norms with a protective function aimed at maintaining psychological balance. It is viewed not only as a personal trait but also as a reflection of broader societal dynamics, influencing how individuals navigate and respond to challenges within their environment. The study examines the dual nature of cynicism, analyzing its potential to either facilitate or hinder social adaptation based on its intensity and the dynamics of associated psychological defenses. An empirical study, conducted using the Dembo-Rubinstein method (“Placing Oneself on the Cynicism Scale”) and the Kellerman-Plutchik method (“Lifestyle Index”), identified characteristic features of psychological defenses in groups with varying levels of cynicism. These findings reveal how individuals with higher or lower levels of cynicism employ distinct mechanisms to cope with stress and maintain their psychological equilibrium. The article highlights the role of cynicism as an adaptive strategy that can be both constructive, fostering critical thinking and resilience, and destructive, leading to detachment, mistrust, or social alienation, depending on its level and the nature of the employed defense mechanisms. Additionally, the research emphasizes the broader implications of cynicism in shaping interpersonal relationships, workplace dynamics, and social cohesion. It underscores the importance of understanding these processes for improving individual well-being, promoting healthier communication patterns, and fostering more inclusive and adaptive social environments. The findings hold theoretical significance for the study of psychological adaptation and practical relevance in the fields of psychological counseling, education, and social management, offering insights for developing targeted interventions to address the complexities of cynicism in modern society.