EXPLORING MULTIFACETED APPROACHES IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER: INTEGRATING GUT MICROBIOME, DIET, AND ADAPTOGENS

Background. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a complex neurodevelopmental condition, exhibits diverse social, communication, and behavioural features. Exploring genetic, environmental, and physiological factors reveals the heterogeneous nature of ASD. Recent research delves beyond traditional aspects, highlighting the roles of the gut microbiome, dietary influences, and adaptogens in understanding and managing ASD. Materials and methods. This review integrates evidence from neuroscience, microbiology, and nutritional science, analysing peer-reviewed studies and clinical trials. The objective is to elucidate mechanisms, assess dietary interventions, and explore adaptogen research in ASD. Results. The gut-brain axis, emphasizing microbial metabolites like short-chain fatty acids, influences neurodevelopment. Dietary interventions, including gluten-free, casein-free, mediterranean and ketogenic diets, modulate the gut microbiome and address specific ASD behaviors. Novel adaptogen exploration hints at stress response modulation and neuroprotection. Conclusion. This review underscores intricate ASD connections, suggesting adaptogens as alternative therapeutics. Challenges in standardizing methodologies persist. Collaborative efforts are vital for navigating ASD heterogeneity and advancing personalized, holistic approaches. Unraveling complexities offers hope for targeted interventions and improved outcomes in ASD individuals. Funding. This work was supported by ITMO NIRMA, grant no. 623093.