Physiological and Phytochemical Analysis of Different Trigonella foenum-graecum Genotypes

Fenugreek seeds and leaves are valued for their high flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and sterols content. This study aims to evaluate the morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits of seven fenugreek genotypes viz., Hisar Sonali, Rajendra Kranti, Gujarat Methi-1, Pusa Early Bunching, RMT-1, CO-1, and Pant Ragini to identify potential variations beneficial for agricultural and pharmaceutical applications at the pot house of department of Botany. Three replications were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate days to maturity, plant height, root fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content, reducing and non-reducing sugars, protein content, proline, and phytochemical composition. Hisar Sonali was the late-maturing genotype, taking an average of 150.18 days to reach maturity. Pant Ragini weighed the most in terms of both fresh and dried root weights (2.85 g and 0.11 g, respectively). Significant amounts of leaf chlorophyll content were found in all genotypes, with Pusa Early Bunching exhibiting the highest relative dry weight (0.23 g). Biochemical studies showed that Hisar Sonali had the highest total protein content (10.98 mg/g) and CO-1 had the lowest (5.23 mg/g). In addition to the numerous pharmacological and therapeutic uses of fenugreek, this review highlights the significance of its bioactive components, which hold great promise for enhancing human health and promoting sustainable farming methods.