The physiology and psychology of competitive sport: A comparative study

Background: The Maastricht acute stress test (MAST) aims to trigger stress responses in both athletic and non-athletic populations, measuring blood pressure (systolic - SBP and diastolic - DBP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), cortisol levels, state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression. Methods: About 30 competitive male cricket players and thirty non-competitive males participated in trials involving mental and physical stress through the mental arithmetic test (MAT) and cold pressor test (CPT). Participants completed the State-Trait Anxiety Index (STAI) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21). Measurements were taken at baseline, during the anticipatory phase, during MAST, and in the recovery phase. Results: Competitive individuals displayed lower SBP and DBP. Non-competitive individuals returned to baseline more slowly than competitive individuals. Instructions increased SBP, DBP, and HR, although pre-test values were lower than post-MAST. HR data showed minimal variation over time. Higher levels of despair and stress were correlated with significant SBP elevations. Conclusion: MAST effectively induces both physiological and subjective stress responses, highlighting the need for customized stress management, particularly for athletes who may lack adequate psychological support. This study aims to enhance the mental, emotional, and psychological care provided by healthcare professionals.