Wheat Yellow Mosaic Virus P1 Inhibits ROS Accumulation to Facilitate Viral Infection

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as signaling molecules, play a crucial role in the plant immune response. However, the mechanism(s) by which viruses affect ROS metabolism remain largely unexplored. Here, we found that wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV)-encoded P1 is a pathogenic protein. Transcriptomic and proteomic integrative analyses were performed on WYMV-infected overexpressing-P1 wheat and wild-type plants. A total of 9245 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1383 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the transcriptome and proteome, respectively. At their intersection, 373 DEGs/Ps were identified. Enrichment analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to the ROS metabolism pathway in overexpressed P1 transgenic wheat (OE-P1) plants significantly increased during WYMV infection. We screened peroxidase (TaPOD) and thioredoxin reductase (TaTrxR) as they showed the most significant differences in expression. The silencing of <i>TaPOD</i> and <i>TaTrxR</i> revealed that they positively regulate WYMV infection by reducing ROS accumulation. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide treatment induced WYMV resistance in wild-type wheat plants and OE-P1 transgenic plants. This study provides a theoretical basis for the role of P1 in plant viral infection.