Exploring prognostic precision: a nomogram approach for malignant pleural effusion in lung cancer

Our nomogram accurately predicts the prognosis of lung cancer patients with MPE at initial diagnosis, incorporating key variables such as LDH levels in pleural fluid, clarity of pleural effusion, treatment regimen, pericardial effusion, and total volume of pleural effusion. Its robust predictive performance, calibration, and clinical utility support its use in guiding clinical decision-making for this patient population.