Boosted Nitrate and CO₂ Reduction for Urea Electrosynthesis on p-Block Bi Dispersed Ru Alloys

Electrocatalytic coreduction of NO3– and CO2 to urea (ENCU) provides a promising approach for attaining both efficient urea production and harmful NO3– removal. In this study, p-block Bi dispersed Ru (RuBi1) alloys are designed as an efficient and durable ENCU electrocatalyst. The combined operando spectroscopic measurements and theoretical calculations unravel that the Ru–Ru site and Ru–Bi1 site on RuBi1 can synergetically promote *CO/*NH2 generation and C–N coupling, while hampering the competitive side reactions, thereby leading to a high CO2/NO3–-to-urea efficiency. Notably, RuBi1 in a flow cell delivers an impressive urea yield rate of 32.94 mmol h–1 g–1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 52.96% along with excellent stability for 100 h of electrolysis.