Analysis of Bird Populations in the Wetland Areas Surrounding the Çanakkale/Dardanelles Strait

Given the rapid loss of wetland ecosystems today, monitoring bird species and populations that can respond quickly to environmental changes is crucial for the effective tracking of wetland ecosystems. Additionally, wetland ecosystems are of critical importance for the life cycles and migratory movements of bird species. The aim of the study is to examine the monthly variations in bird species diversity in the wetland areas (Kavak Delta, Çardak Lagoon, Kumkale Delta, Suvla Salt Lake, and Umurbey Delta) surrounding the Çanakkale/Dardanelles Strait, located in the northeastern part of the Mediterranean basin, which plays a significant role in migration strategies for numerous bird species. Additionally, correlations between the habitat types and areas of these wetlands and their diversity indices were analyzed and updated species lists for the studied wetlands were compiled. The field studies were conducted monthly in 2023 using point and transect observation methods to assess species and population counts. Diversity indices were calculated using the number of species and individuals recorded monthly for each area. The relationship between the habitat types and the areas they cover in wetlands and the diversity indices was tested using Spearman’s rho correlation analysis. A total of 184.068 birds belonging to 279 species, encompassing 22 orders and 61 families, were counted across all areas. In the wetland areas, species richness (Margalef index - M) ranged from 15.417 to 22.718 and species diversity (Shannon-Wiener Index - H') ranged from 1.819 to 2.416. The fact that the research areas lie along a significant migration route enhances species diversity and richness during migration periods. In Deltas where shallow surface waters predominate, more pronounced differences in diversity indices have been observed due to variations in seasonal water levels. A strong positive correlation was found between species richness and the size of wetlands, particularly Salt Marshes and Permanently Irrigated Lands, indicating the critical role of habitat size in supporting biodiversity. Seasonal water level fluctuations also significantly impacted diversity in delta regions. Given the global loss of wetlands, long-term research with standardized methods is crucial for understanding and protecting these vital ecosystems.