Should We Recommend a Mediterranean Diet to Acne Vulgaris Patients?

Acne vulgaris is increasingly associated with endocrine signaling influenced by dietary patterns, particularly a Western diet (WD), which is linked to elevated Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) levels.IGF-1 plays a central role in acne pathogenesis by promoting lipogenesis, sebocyte growth, androgen synthesis, and keratinocyte proliferation.In contrast, adherence to a Mediterranean Diet (MD), characterized by low glycemic index foods, rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, has been shown to modulate IGF-1 levels and reduce acne severity.This comparative trial investigated the relationship between the MD, IGF-1 serum levels, and acne severity during treatment in 52 participants with mild-to-severe acne.Acne severity was assessed using the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS), while adherence to the MD was evaluated using the PREDIMED questionnaire.Results revealed a statistically significant reduction in IGF-1 levels among participants following this dietary model compared to those adhering to the WD, particularly in patients with severe acne treated with isotretinoin.These findings suggest a potential synergistic effect between isotretinoin and the MD, enhancing therapeutic outcomes by reducing IGF-1 levels and inflammation.The study underscores the importance of dietary recommendations as part of acne management strategies.Adopting such a diet not only reduces acne severity but also supports hormonal balance and skin health, highlighting its role as a complementary intervention to conventional treatments for acne vulgaris.