Unveiling a Silent Threat: Emergency Handling of Ruptured Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst

Abstract: Background: Hydatid disease, caused by infection with the metacestode of Echinococcusgranulosus, is a zoonotic disease with a global distribution. Pulmonary hydatid cysts (PHC) can lead to severe complications, especially upon rupture. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 24-year-old male from a rural area who presented with breathlessness on exertion, right-sided chest pain, vomiting, fever, weight loss, dry cough, and anorexia. Initial vital signs included a temperature of 102°F, pulse rate of 109/min, respiratory rate of 36/min, blood pressure of 130/90 mmHg, and SpO2 of 80% on room air. Materials and Methods: Diagnostic imaging included chest X-ray, point-of-care ultrasound, and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the thorax. Blood tests were conducted to assess inflammatory markers. The patient was managed with oxygen therapy, intravenous (IV) antibiotics, antipyretics, and fluids. Consultations with a Pulmonary Physician and Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgeon (CTVS) led to a right lateral thoracotomy for cyst excision. Postoperative care included Albendazole 400mg BD. Results: Post-surgery, the patient recovered without complications and was discharged asymptomatically. Follow-up imaging showed a well-expanded right lung and resolution of symptoms. Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of prompt surgical intervention in the management of ruptured pulmonary hydatid cysts, combined with appropriate conservative treatment, to ensure a favorable outcome.