Ecological and economic aspects of the use of effluent-based fertilizers in ampelocenosis

Abstract. The review of literature sources reporting on the use of animal husbandry and crop production waste to enrich the soil with organic matter and the effectiveness of environmentally safe bioorganic fertilizer obtained by methods of anaerobic digestion of organic agricultural waste (effluent) in ampedlocenosis is presented. The ecological and economic aspects of modern biogas technology are considered, which allows to obtain several types of marketable products produced during the processing of permanently renewable waste biomass at anaerobic fermentation plants, the possibility of using effluents in ampelocenoses in order to greenize industrial production of viticulture products. The results of 2-year experimental studies of the effect of bioconcentrate on the functional state and yield capacity of Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon grape varieties in the conditions of sod-carbonate soils of the Black Sea viticulture zone (Gelendzhik edphoclimatic subzone, agricultural enterprise "Abrau-Durso") are presented. It was found that the aqueous solutions of the preparation used by the non-root method contributed to the stabilization of the assimilation and metabolic activity of plants against the background of the negative effect of abiotic factors of the summer period. Annually in August, against the background of fertilizer application, the content of bound water in the leaves of shoots − an indicator characterizing plant resistance to drought − was 89.2-91.3 % compared with 85.9- 87.8 % in plants of the control variant. There was an 18.3% increase in the layer of the palisade leaf tissue responsible for photosynthesis and containing the main amount of chloroplasts, as well as the total thickness of the leaf blade by 7.5 %. In the summer period (July-August) 2022-2023. in the leaves of the apical part of the shoots of Merlot grape variety, under the action of non-root treatments with the drug, the amount of organic acids (tartaric, malic) included in chlorophyll, enzymes, amino acids significantly increased. The use of non-root fertilization of grape plants with bioconcentrate contributed to an additional yield of 0.9-1.5 t/ha. Keywords: methanogenesis, "Bioconcentrate-Z" effluent, ampelocenosis, non-root treatments, productivity, economic productivity.