NANOTECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN THERAPEUTICS FOR LIVER CANCER: CLINICAL APPLICATIONS AND PHARMACEUTICAL INSIGHTS

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a significant threat to global health and is responsible for significant mortality rates worldwide. Conventional treatment options such as surgery and chemotherapy have inherent limitations. In order to remedy these deficits, the development of novel therapeutic strategies is essential. Nanomedicines have shown promise in HCC treatment as they offer improved stability, controlled release, and increased drug loading capacity. This review explores the application of nanoconstructs in HCC treatment, including active and passive targeting strategies. In addition, liver cell targeting approaches, targeting moieties, and conjugation chemistry for surface functionalization are investigated. A compact overview of various therapeutic approaches to HCC treatment is also given.