Ignition and lean blowout characteristics of a single vortex combustor

Single vortex combustors (SVC) have recently gained increasing attention in small aeroengines due to their superior combustion stability and structural simplicity. Yet, despite these advantages, the fundamental mechanisms governing ignition and lean blowout (LBO) characteristics remain poorly understood, limiting our ability to optimize engine operability and reliability. This study presents a systematic experimental investigation of ignition and LBO limits utilizing four distinct SVC configurations. The investigation examines the effects of crucial geometric parameters, including injection angle, liner inclination, and primary hole position. Numerical simulations are conducted to provide detailed information on the flow field, vortex structure, and fuel distribution, revealing the underlying mechanisms that govern the ignition and LBO processes. The findings demonstrate that enlarged vortex size enhances fuel atomization and fuel–air mixing, while proper vortex positioning creates favorable flow conditions for ignition. Correlations of ignition and LBO limits using vortex volume as a key parameter are proposed and validated with experimental data. These insights establish quantitative design guidelines for developing more efficient and reliable SVCs for small aeroengines.