Some issues of the clinical course of central nervous system damage in newborns

Aim. To study the impact of risk factors on the development of brain damage in the perinatal period. Material and methods. The work is based on a retrospective analysis of the medical documentation of the maternity hospital and the “mother and child” department of the state institution MC “Istiklol” in Dushanbe. The analysis included birth histories and developmental charts of newborns for the period from 2019 to 2021. In the process, data from statistical accounting form 32 “Report on medical care of pregnant women, women in labour, postpartum women and newborns” were used. Approved by the order of the State Statistics Service under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 054 of 11 October 2013, the analysis covered the period from 2017 to 2021. Results and discussion . The highest number of children with birth injuries in the republic over the five analyzed years was recorded in 2018, with 2,020 cases. In 2021, the total number of children with birth injuries was 1,879. Over the five-year period, the incidence of birth injuries decreased by 20.9%; however, the number of affected children increased by 393 cases. In the city of Dushanbe, the highest number of newborns diagnosed with intrauterine hypoxia was recorded in 2019, with 962 cases, accounting for 7.4% of all children born sick or who developed illnesses. In 2021, a decrease in the proportion of children born sick was observed, with a reduction rate of 53.3%. Conclusions. An unstable trend in the reduction of the number of children born sick or who developed illnesses has been identified, with an increase in this indicator observed in 2021 compared to other years. The proportion of children who experienced intrauterine hypoxia has shown a clear downward trend over the fiveyear period. The number of children born with asphyxia in Dushanbe exhibits a pronounced tendency toward reduction.