Therapeutic and diagnostic solutions for the recurrence of acute adhesive small bowel obstruction

Aim . To study the impact of risk factors on the recurrence rate of acute adhesive small bowel obstruction (AASBO) and to determine the indications for laparoscopic adhesiolysis. Materials and methods . To investigate the causes of AASBO recurrence, a statistical analysis of patients’ medical records was performed. The study included 50 patients who were divided into two groups according to the recurrence of the disease. The first group included 28 patients (56.0%) who experienced a recurrence of AASBO. The second group included 22 patients (44.0%) with no recurrence. This analysis allowed us to identify potential factors influencing the likelihood of AASBO recurrence and to assess the effectiveness of therapeutic measures aimed at preventing recurrences. Results and discussion. The primary factors associated with the risk of recurrence of AASBO include multiple episodes of AASBO in the patient’s history, elevated white blood cell levels, absence of colonic pneumatosis on radiographs of small bowel obstruction, significant volume of gastric contents drained by tube, and delayed transit of contrast medium through the small bowel. These indicators can serve as important predictors in determining the risk of disease recurrence and the need for additional medical intervention. Conclusion . The scale used in the study to assess the intensity of the adhesion process in the peritoneal cavity demonstrated its effectiveness. Based on the factors identified, a system for predicting the risk of recurrence after conservative treatment was improved, achieving an accuracy of 86%. This supports its recommendation for use in planning conservative therapeutic approaches.