Surgical treatment of hip joint diseases and prospects for the development of large joint arthroplasty in the Republic of Tajikistan

Aim. To analyse the surgical treatment of hip joint diseases and to present perspectives for the development of total joint arthroplasty in the Republic of Tajikistan. Material and methods. The material for this study comprised the medical records of patients hospitalized at the Republican Clinical Centre for Orthopaedics and Traumatology between 2009 and 2023. During this 15-year period, a total of 359 major joint replacements of the lower limbs were performed. The following parameters were analyzed based on the medical records: sex, age, diagnosis leading to the operation, method of anesthesia, patient’s place of residence, disability status after the operation, occurrence of complications and the number of revision joint replacements during the specified period. Results and discussion. The analysis showed that the majority of operated patients were diagnosed with idiopathic degenerative coxarthrosis. The second most common diagnoses were aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, dysplastic coxarthrosis, medial femoral fractures and their complications (such as nonunion or pseudoarthrosis), and congenital hip dislocation. Conclusion. Thus, although there has been a decline in the number of operations at the Republican Clinical Centre for Orthopaedics and Traumatology in certain years, the overall trend is a clear increase in the number of operations throughout the republic. This growth is observed not only in republican centers, but also in regional, city, central district hospitals and private medical centers.