Methodological approaches to comprehensive assessment of the condition of soil-biotic components of garden agrocenoses

Abstract. Agricultural production in the south of Russia is accompanied by an expansion of areas of fruit plantations and vineyards, often with the introduction of land plots into circulation that are of limited suitability for cultivating horticultural crops. Intensification of horticulture with an increase in the technogenic load on the soil, as well as long-term monoculture, the use of mineral fertilizers, pesticides can lead to changes in soil properties, often with a decrease in the level of fertility and the emergence of the problem of soil fatigue. The study of only the physical, physicochemical and chemical properties and their agrogenic changes does not give a complete picture of the health of the soils of garden agrocenoses. To a much lesser extent, research has covered the field of soil biology of perennial plantings, although microorganisms are the main and integral component of the agroecosystem, since their vital activity ensures the maintenance of soil stability and fertility. The study of biological activity of soils is the most important stage of diagnostics of functioning of the soil system both in cultivation and rotation of perennial crops and in assessment of ecological safety of applied agricultural technologies for provision and reproduction of soil fertility. In this regard, it is relevant to study those indicators of biological activity of soils of garden agrocenoses that are sufficiently sensitive to agrogenic changes, allow to quickly, effectively and informatively assess ecological condition of soils and can be used for monitoring of soil fatigue in monoculture of garden. The main methodological approaches for a comprehensive assessment of the state of the soil-biotic complex of garden agrocenoses are presented, as well as methods for their modification to determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of soil biota. The necessity of studying the biological activity of ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms as a component of a comprehensive assessment of the condition of soils is shown. Keywords: soil microbiome, soil fatigue, biophilic elements, ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms